Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Table 1

The biological characteristics of slow-releasing H₂S donors.

Compounds	H2S release mechanisms	Therapeutic effects	References
GYY4137	Hydrolysis	Vasodilation	[86]
		Anti-inflammation	[19]
		Anticancer	[87]
		Protection of mitochondrial function	[88]
		Regulation of oviductal embryo transport and myometrial contractility	[89, 90]
		Antithrombotic	[91]
ADT	Metabolized by carboxylesterases	Neuroprotection against oxidative stress	[92]
		Protection of blood-brain barrier integrity	[55]
ADT-OH	Metabolized by carboxylesterases	Neuroprotection against oxidative stress	[92]
		Vasorelaxation	[93]
		Antineuroinflammation	[94]
AP39	Metabolized by carboxylesterases	Protection against oxidative mitochondrial DNA damage	[95]
S-Aroylthiooximes	Hydrolysis	Unknown	[96]
S-Propargyl-cysteine	Hydrolysis	Angiogenesis promotion	[97]
		Anticancer	[98]
		Cardioprotection	[99]
		Anti-inflammation	[100]
SG-1002	Activation after oral administration	Cardioprotection	[101]
4-Hydroxythiobenzamide	Hydrolysis	Improvement of wound healing	[102]
Arylthioamides	Thiol activation	Unknown	[103]
N-(benzoylthio)benzamides	Hydrolysis	Unknown	[104]
S-Propyl cysteine	Hydrolysis	Cardioprotection	[99]
N-Acetylcysteine	Hydrolysis	Protection against oxidative stress	[105]
N-Acetylcysteine ethyl ester	Hydrolysis	Protection against oxidative stress	[105]
SAC^*	Hydrolysis	Protection against oxidative stress	[99]
PhNCS	Thiol activation	Unknown	[106]
PhNCS-COOH	Thiol activation	Unknown	[106]
Lawesson’s reagent	Hydrolysis	Anti-inflammation	[107]
		Protection against gastric damage	[108]
Dithioperoxyanhydrides	Thiol activation	Vasorelaxation	[35]
Thioglycine	Bicarbonate activation	Unknown	[109]
L-Thiovaline	Bicarbonate activation	Unknown	[109]
Thioamino acids	Bicarbonate activation	Vasorelaxation	[109]
Phosphorodithioates	Hydrolysis	Protection against oxidative stress	[35]
S-SH compounds	Thiol activation	Myocardial I/R protection	[110]
N-(acylthio)-benzamides	Thiol activation	Unknown	[104]
H2S photo-donor 5	Light activation	Unknown	[111]
gem-Dithiol compounds	Light activation	Unknown	[35]
Allyl isothiocyanate	Thiol activation	Unknown	[112]
Benzyl isothiocyanate	Thiol activation	Unknown	[112]
4-Hydroxybenzyl isothiocyanate	Thiol activation	Unknown	[112]
Erucin	Thiol activation	Unknown	[112]
Sinigrin	Hydrolysis	Unknown	[112]
Poly(ethylene glycol)-ADT	Metabolized by carboxylesterases	Unknown	[113]
S-memantine	Thiol activation	Protection against ischemic neuronal death	[114]
ACS1	Metabolized by carboxylesterases	Neuroprotection	[115]
		Anticancer	[116]

This compound is also a derivative of garlic.