Oxidative Stress as Estimated by Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Levels Amplifies the Alkaline Phosphatase-Dependent Risk for Mortality in ESKD Patients on Dialysis
Table 2
Crude and adjusted Cox regression analyses showing the effect modification of γ-Glutamyl-Transpeptidase on alkaline phosphatase for all-cause mortality. The criteria for building these models are detailed in the methods.
Variables (units of increase)
Crude analysis
Fully adjusted analysis
Alk-Phos (50 UI/L)
0.80 (0.67–0.96),
0.84 (0.69–1.02),
GGT (quintiles)
0.96 (0.84–1.09),
0.97 (0.85–1.12),
Alk-PhosGGT (50 UI/Lquintiles)
1.08 (1.02–1.13),
1.06 (1.01–1.12),
Age (1 year)
1.05 (1.04–1.06),
Gender (0 = female; 1 = male)
0.97 (0.77–1.21),
Current smoking (0 = no; 1 = yes)
0.93 (0.67–1.29),
Diabetes (0 = no; 1 = yes)
1.29 (1.03–1.62),
Systolic blood pressure (1 mmHg)
1.00 (0.99–1.00),
CV comorbidities (0 = no; 1 = yes)
1.55 (1.24–1.94),
Antihypertensive treatment (0 = no; 1 = yes)
1.12 (0.90–1.39),
Dialysis vintage (1 month)
1.00 (1.00-1.00),
Cholesterol (1 mg/dL)
1.00 (1.00-1.00),
Hb (1 g/dL)
0.93 (0.86–0.99),
Phosphate (1 mg/dL)
1.01 (0.94–1.08),
Albumin (1 g/dL)
0.70 (0.55–0.88),
CRP (1 mg/L)
1.00 (1.00-1.00),
Body Mass Index (BMI) (1 kg/m2)
0.99 (0.97–1.02),
GOT (1 UI/L)
1.01 (0.99–1.03),
GPT (1 UI/L)
1.00 (0.99–1.01),
Bilirubin (1 mg/dL)
0.91 (0.54–1.51),
HbsAg (0 = no; 1 = yes)
0.73 (0.37–1.44),
HCV (0 = no; 1 = yes)
0.81 (0.56–1.16),
Cirrhosis/hepatitis (0 = no; 1 = yes)
1.26 (0.71–2.24),
Current alcohol consumption (0 = no; 1 = yes)
1.12 (0.88–1.42),
Data are expressed as hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval (CI), and values. CV comorbidities were defined as in Table 1.
