Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Knockdown Plus Glutamine Supplementation Attenuates the Predominance of Necrosis over Apoptosis by Relieving Cellular Energy Stress in Acute Pancreatitis

Figure 2

HIF-1α knockdown alleviated AP-related inflammatory injury, and this therapeutic effect was enhanced by the additional administration of Gln. (a) Representative photos (40x) and histological scores of H&E-stained pancreatic tissues harvested from the rats as described in Figure 1(a). Black arrow indicates edema, white arrow indicates inflammatory infiltration, yellow arrow indicates necrosis, and red arrow indicated hemorrhage. (b) The serum levels of amylase and CRP in rats as described in Figure 1(a). (c) The serum (left) and pancreatic (right) levels of TNF-α in rats as described in Figure 1(a). (d) The serum (left) and pancreatic (right) levels of IL-1β in rats as described in Figure 1(a). Data were presented as (). versus sham, ^{^}versus AP, and ^▽versus HIF-1α siRNA. Abbreviations: AP: acute pancreatitis; CRP: C-reactive protein; Gln: glutamine; H&E: hematoxylin-eosin; HIF-1α: hypoxia inducible factor-1α; IL-1β: interleukin-1β; SD: standard deviation; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α.

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