MYC Expression and Metabolic Redox Changes in Cancer Cells: A Synergy Able to Induce Chemoresistance

Figure 1

Role of MYC in the modulation of cancer metabolic reprogramming. MYC is involved in the modulation of both glycolysis and glutaminolysis. MYC, in order to carry out this double role, upregulates membrane transporters and enzymes involved in these metabolic processes (indicated in red). AST: glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase; GDH: glutamate dehydrogenase; GLS: glutaminase; GLUT1: glucose transporter 1; GSH: reduced glutathione; GSSG: oxidized glutathione; α-KG: α-ketoglutarate; LDH: lactic dehydrogenase; PDH: pyruvate dehydrogenase; PDK1: pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TCA: tricarboxylic acid.