Alterations in Organismal Physiology, Impaired Stress Resistance, and Accelerated Aging in Drosophila Flies Adapted to Multigenerational Proteome Instability

Figure 1

Multigenerational developmentally nonlethal proteasome inhibition in Drosophila flies reduced fecundity and body size, caused neuromuscular defects, and accelerated aging. (a) Laid embryos (%) during a period of 24 h by young NT, NT-BTZ, G80, and G80-BTZ females. (b) Hatched flies (%) 14 days posttransferring thirty embryos per population to the respective culture medium. (c1) Images of female and male flies of the NT and G80-BTZ groups. (c2) Area (%) of right and left wings dissected from young female or male flies of the NT and G80-BTZ populations. (c3) Body weight (%) of middle-aged female or male flies collected from the NT and the G80-BTZ groups. (d) Locomotion (climbing) activity of young NT and G80-BTZ flies. (e) Longevity curves of female and male NT and G80-BTZ flies (e1) or of NT and G80 flies (e2); in (e2), equal numbers of female/male flies were used. Comparative statistics of the longevity assays are reported in Table S1. Bars, ±SD (). ; .

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