Piquiá Shells (Caryocar villosum): A Fruit by-Product with Antioxidant and Antiaging Properties in Caenorhabditis elegans

Table 1

Tentative identification of polyphenols from a hydroalcoholic extract of Caryocar villosum fruit shells by LC-MS/MS analysis (ESI -).

Peak^a	Tentative identification	(min)^b	(nm)	[M-H^+]^- ()	MS/MS fragments ()^c	MS^3 fragments ()^d	Reference
1	Chebulic acid	4.8	284	355	337		[44]
2	Monogalloyl hexoside	6.8	278	331	271, 241, 211, 193, 169, 125		[43]
3	Gallic acid	7.5	264	169	125		Standard
4	HHDP-hexoside	7.8	272	481	463, 319, 301, 275	445, 301, 275	[43]
5	Digalloyl hexoside	9.5	280	483	331, 313, 271, 241, 169	313, 271, 241, 211, 169, 125	[43]
6	Unknown	10.2	269	355	337, 311, 293, 267, 205	293, 267, 223, 205, 179, 149	—
7	Unknown	12.0	273	353	334, 308, 265, 221, 177		—
8	Valoneic acid dilactone	15.1	254; 373	469	425	425, 407, 301, 300, 299	[45]
9	Galloyl-valoneoyl-glucoside isomer	18.1	266	801	757, 756, 633, 631, 613		[46]
10	Brevifolin carboxylic acid	18.8	276; 353	291	247		[53]
11	Unknown	19.5	273	1083	935		—
12	Galloyl-HHDP-hexoside (corilagin)	20.3	263	633	615, 481, 463, 419, 301, 275		[43]
13	HHDP-valoneoyl-glucoside isomer	22.1	271	951	933, 907, 799, 737, 301	863, 755, 737, 633, 605, 453, 435, 301	[47]
14	Galloyl-HHDP-DHHDP-hexoside	23.2	258; 363	951	933, 915, 613, 301		[47]
15	Galloyl-valoneoyl-glucoside isomer	24.4	265	801	757	633, 632, 631, 613, 605, 603, 587, 463, 425, 301	[46]
16	Phyllanthusiin C	28.7	273	925	907, 633, 615, 605, 453, 435, 301, 273		[48]
17	Phyllanthusiin B	29.9	272	969	951, 925, 907, 895, 851, 755, 633, 301		[48]
18	Chebulagic acid	31.9	272	953	935, 909, 801, 783, 757, 633, 481, 463, 319, 301, 275		[44, 54]
19	Digalloyl-HHDP-glucose	32.7	258; 360	785	633, 615, 589, 463, 419, 301, 275, 249		[47, 49]
20	HHDP-valoneoyl-glucoside isomer	33.2	271	951	933, 907, 836, 737, 435, 301		[47]
21	Unknown	33.4	252; 362	894	875, 806, 725, 653, 506, 447, 300, 293		—
22	Ellagic acid	33.6	252; 364	301	301, 257, 229, 185		[43]
23	HDDP-decarboxy-valoneoyl-glucoside	34.8	272; 353	907	755, 737, 633, 605, 587, 453, 435, 291, 273		—
24	Unknown	36.2	273	939	785		—
25	Unknown	37.5	272	917	747, 721, 615, 445, 301		—
26	HHDP-valoneoyl-glucoside isomer	37.7	271	951	907, 737, 649, 615, 587, 479, 435, 335, 301		[47]

^aPeak numbers refer to the peaks presented in Figure 1. ^b: retention time in TIC. ^cThe ion shown in bold face was the precursor for MS³ fragmentation. ^dThe MS³ spectra were obtained by MS/MS of ions of the source fragmentation. HHDP: hexahydroxydiphenoyl; DHHDP: dehydroxyhexahydroxydiphenoyl.