Autophagy Functions to Prevent Methylglyoxal-Induced Apoptosis in HK-2 Cells

Figure 1

MGO treatment induces cell death in HK-2 cells. (a) HK-2 cells were treated with the indicated concentrations (0–1 mM) of MGO for 24 or 48 h, and MTT assays were conducted. (b) Representative image of apoptotic cells in HK-2 cells treated with MGO for 24 h detected by TUNEL assays (original magnification: 100x). (c–e) Representative flow cytometry analysis of HK-2 cells treated with MGO for 24 h and then stained with the Muse Annexin V and Dead Cell Kit. (c) Flow cytometry density plot of MGO-treated HK-2 cells. (d) Cell viability and (e) total apoptotic cell percentages following treatment with 0–0.75 mM MGO. Values are . and versus the control (0) group; ^# and ^### versus the same concentration of MGO ().

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