Autophagy Functions to Prevent Methylglyoxal-Induced Apoptosis in HK-2 Cells

<div>MGO upregulates autophagy independently of the mTORC pathway. (a) Western blot analysis of the effects of MGO treatment for 24 h on AMPK and autophagy-related proteins. (b) Time-dependent protein expression of MGO (0–120 min) or insulin treatment in serum-free media conditions (16 h).</div>

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Figure 4

Figure 4: Autophagy Functions to Prevent Methylglyoxal-Induced Apoptosis in HK-2 Cells 