| | Reference | Author | Application | Component | Experiment | Model | Target |
| | [17] | Shuying He | Atherosclerosis | Crocin | In vitro | Bovine aortic endothelial cells | MDA, NOS | | [66] | F.T. Tang | Crocin | In vitro | Bovine aortic endothelial cells | NOS, eNOS | | [67]. | Shuguo Zheng | Crocetin | In vivo | New Zealand white rabbits | NF-κB | | [68] | Shuguo Zheng | Crocetin | In vivo | New Zealand white rabbits | Ox-LDL | | [69] | Shuying He | Crocetin | In vivo | Quails | MDA, NOS | | [66] | F.T. Tang | Crocin | In vivo | New Zealand rabbits | NOS, eNOS | | [70] | S. K. Verma | Saffron | Clinical finding | Human | Ox-LDL | | [71] | Nasim Abedimanesh | Saffron | Clinical finding | Human | LOX1, NF-κB, MCP-1 |
| | [78] | Siyavash Joukar | Myocardial ischemia | Saffron | In vivo | Wistar rats | GSHPx | | [79] | Roya Mehdizadeh | Safranal | In vivo | Wistar rats | MDA | | [80] | S.N. Goyal | Crocin | In vivo | Wistar albino rats | SOD, CAT, GSH, MDA | | [81] | Zhiheng Huang | Saffron | In vivo | Sprague Dawley rats | Rho/ROCK/NF-κB | | [82] | Weiyue Jin | Crocin | In vivo | Kunming mice | TLR4/NF-κB | | [83] | Yurun Xue | Safranal | In vivo | Sprague Dawley rats | MDA, SOD |
| | [87] | Mahin Dianat | Ischemia reperfusion | Crocin | In vitro | Isolated Sprague Dawley rat hearts | SOD, CAT, MDA | | [88] | Mahin Dianat | Crocin | In vitro | Isolated Sprague Dawley rat hearts | SOD, CAT, MDA | | [89] | Saurabh Bharti | Crocin | In vivo | Wistar albino rats | Akt/GSK-3β/eNOS, GSHPx,IKK-β/NF-κB | | [90] | P. Efentakis | Saffron | In vivo | ApoE(-/-) mice | Akt/eNOS/ERK1/2/GSK3-β | | [91] | Zahra Jahanbakhsh | Crocin | In vivo | Wistar rats | SOD, GSH, MDA | | [92] | Junling Yan | Crocetin | In vivo | Sprague Dawley rats | iNOS, NO | | [93] | Yanyan Wang | Crocetin | In vivo | Wistar rats | MDA, SOD, NO, eNOS |
| | [121] | Nathalie Chahine | Drug cardiotoxicity | Saffron | In vitro | Isolated Oryctolagus cuniculus
Rabbit hearts | SOD | | [122] | Nathalie Chahine | Saffron | In vitro | Isolated Oryctolagus cuniculus
Rabbit hearts | SOD | | [123] | Nathalie Chahine | Saffron | In vitro | H9c2 cells | LDH | | [124] | Xi Chu | Crocin | In vitro | H9c2 cells | SOD, GSH, catalase | | [99] | Bibi Marjan Razavi | Crocin | In vivo | Wistar rats | HIF-α | | [125] | Bibi Marjan Razavi | Crocin | In vivo | Wistar rats | MDA |
| | [101] | Intidhar Ben Salem | Drug cardiotoxicity | Crocin | In vivo | Balb/c mice | SOD | | [133] | Nasser Razmaraii | Crocin | In vivo | Wistar rats | — | | [134] | Nehal M Elsherbiny | Crocin | In vivo | Sprague Dawley rats | MDA, SOD | | [124] | Xi Chu | Crocin | In vivo | Sprague Dawley rats | TLR-2/NF-κB |
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