Mitochondria are central to all basic and advanced cellular and organismal functions. In addition to the vast majority of cellular energy generated by these unique organelles, they are also essential signaling hubs and communicate with the rest of the cell through various means including reactive oxygen species. Their dysfunction is implicated in essentially all common diseases ranging from neuromuscular disease to diabetes and cancer.

The aim of this special issue is to provide the readership with current examples of how mitochondria function and how different adverse conditions result in their dysfunction. Therefore, we invite scientists to contribute original research as well as review articles ranging from basic science to clinical studies. Moreover, we welcome studies that focus on the role of mitochondria in various organs such as, but not limited to, the brain, heart, liver, kidney, reproductive organs, and muscle.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Role of inflammation on mitochondrial structure, function, and/or dynamics
• Role of aging on mitochondria structure, function, and/or dynamics
• Role of environmental pollutants/toxins on mitochondrial structure, function, and/or dynamics
• Regulation of energy metabolism and the production of reactive oxygen species
• Tissue-specific mitochondrial dysfunction across various organs
• Countermeasures to mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from a disease
• Apoptosis