PPARβ/δ Agonism with GW501516 Increases Myotube PGC-1α Content and Reduces BCAA Media Content Independent of Changes in BCAA Catabolic Enzyme Expression

Figure 7

Effect of GW501516 on glycolytic metabolism, glycolytic gene expression, and total cell metabolism. (a) Time trial of glycolytic metabolism following treatment with GW501516 (GW) at 1 μM for 24 hours. (b and c) Basal and peak glycolytic metabolism following treatment described in “a” presented as (b) raw values or (c) normalized to nuclei content, which did not differ between groups (see Figure 3). (d) Time trial of the effect of GW on mRNA expression of lactate dehydrogenase a (Ldha), lactate dehydrogenase b (Ldhb), pyruvate dehydrogenase (Pdh), and glucose transporter 4 (Glut4). (e and f) Basal and peak cell metabolism following treatment described in “a” (e) raw values or (f) normalized to nuclei content, which did not differ between groups (see Figure 3). Notes: Basal and peak glycolytic metabolism were analyzed using student’s t-test. Analyses were performed using individual replicates per treatment condition and were repeated across two independent experiments with per group in the final analyses. Target gene expression was normalized to tata binding protein (Tbp) using three replicates per group across two independent experiments with for the final analysis. Cell metabolism was analyzed using a one-way MANOVA using total oxygen consumption under basal or FCCP-induced peak mitochondrial respiration and corresponding glycolytic metabolism at that time point during the time trial. Other Abbreviations: Oligo: oligomycin; FCCP: carbonyl cyanide p-[trifluoromethoxy]-phenyl-hydrazone; and Rot: rotenone.

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