Review on Selection and Experiment Method of Commonly Studied Simulated Radionuclides in Researches of Nuclear Waste Solidification

Table 1

Main sources and types of radionuclides [4, 6].

Sources	Radionuclide	Form	Type	Waste form
Uranium mining and manufacturing	^226Ra, ^238U, ^234U, ^235U	Solid	α, γ	Waste ore, resin, plastic, tailings, residue, waste equipment
	^238U, ^234U, ^235U, ^234Pa, ^230Th, ^226Ra	Liquid	α, γ	Mine water, extraction water, purification waste liquid, wastewater
	^238U, ^234U, ^235U, ^222Rn	Gaseous	α	Exhaust gas, dust, radioactive aerosol
Reactor operation, spent fuel	^137Cs, ^144Ce, ^239Pu, ^129I, ^90Sr, ^133Xe, ^135Xe, ^239Np, ^87Kr, ^85Kr, ^3H, ^103Ru, ^106Ru, ^99Tc	Solid and liquid	α, β, γ	Radioactive resin, mud, filter residue, waste equipment, waste tools, waste materials, cooling water, circulating water, ground drainage
	^131I, ^3H, ^129I, ^133Xe, ^85Kr, ^84Br	Gaseous	β, γ	Exhaust gas, radioactive aerosol
Reactor operating facility	^60Co, ^3H, ^14C, ^28Al, ^56Mg, ^55Fe, ^59Fe	Solid	β, γ	Reactor vessel, waste core component, cladding material, graphite, waste equipment, concrete
	^58Co	Liquid	β, γ	Circulating cooling water, decontamination wastewater
	^16N	Gaseous	β, γ	Exhaust gas, radioactive aerosol
Medicine, scientific research, industry, and agriculture utilization	^60Co, ^129I, ^137Cs, ^90Sr	Solid	β, γ	Waste radioactive sources, radioisotopes, animal and plant pollutants, waste equipment, wastewater
	^137Cs, ^238U, ^147Pm, ^90Sr, ^89Sr	Liquid	β, γ