Adaptability of Turbulence Models for Pantograph Aerodynamic Noise Simulation

Figure 14

Percentage of of the four models relative to LES for the whole pantograph and its components (350 km/h). The dashed line is a datum line representing the result from LES; the form represents the statistics of the components of the pantograph; the numbers coincide with those in Figure 9, and No. 24 represents the statistics for the whole pantograph.