Optimization of Culture Conditions (Sucrose, pH, and Photoperiod) for In Vitro Regeneration and Early Detection of Somaclonal Variation in Ginger Lime (Citrus assamensis)

Table 3

The effects of different combinations and concentrations of BAP and NAA on leaf explants of Citrus hybrids, cultured on solid MS media at 25±1°C. Cultures were maintained at 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness, with 1000 lux intensity of light.

MS + hormone		Observations	Callus (%)	Organogenesis
BAP (mgL^−1)	NAA (mgL^−1)			Shoot (%)	Root (%)
0.0	1.0	Root formation after 30 days	NR	NR	26.7±2.3^a
0.0	2.0	Root formation after 30 days	NR	NR	53.3±1.2^b
1.0	0.0	No response	NR	NR	NR
2.0	0.0	No response	NR	NR	NR
0.5	0.5	No response	NR	NR	NR
1.0	0.5	No response	NR	NR	NR
1.5	0.5	Green callus formation after 35 days	20.0±1.2^a	NR	NR
2.0	0.5	Green callus formation after 40 days	26.7±2.9^a	NR	NR
0.5	1.0	Green callus formation after 45 days	20.0±1.7^a	NR	NR
1.0	1.0	No response	NR	NR	NR
1.5	1.0	Yellowish callus formation after 50 days	20.0±1.2^a	NR	NR
2.0	1.0	No response	NR	NR	NR
0.5	1.5	Green callus formation after 38 days	20.0±4.0^a	NR	NR
1.0	1.5	Green callus formation after 30 days	20.0±0.5^a	NR	NR
1.5	1.5	No response	NR	NR	NR
2.0	1.5	No response	NR	NR	NR
0.5	2.0	No response	NR	NR	NR
1.0	2.0	Green callus formation after 50 days	20.0±2.7^a	NR	NR
1.5	2.0	Green callus formation after 40 days	20.0±1.7^a	NR	NR
2.0	2.0	Green callus formation after 40 days	26.7±2.3^a	NR	NR
3.0	3.0	No response	NR	NR	NR

Mean ± SE, 𝑛=30. Mean values with different letters in the same column are significantly different at 𝑃<0.05 (NR: no response).