Optimization of Culture Conditions (Sucrose, pH, and Photoperiod) for In Vitro Regeneration and Early Detection of Somaclonal Variation in Ginger Lime (Citrus assamensis)

Table 6

The effects of light exposure on stem, root, and leaf explants, cultured on optimum media (MS + 1.5 mgL⁻¹ NAA + 2.0 mgL⁻¹ BAP) at 25±1°C. Cultures were maintained at 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness, with 1000 lux intensity of light.

Light exposure (hrs)		Explant	Observations	Callus (%)	Organogenesis
Light	Darkness				Shoot (%)	Root (%)
0	24	Stem	White callus formation after 12 days	73.3±4.6^b	NR	NR
		Root	White callus formation after 35 days	46.7±2.3^a	NR	NR
		Leaf	No response	NR	NR	NR
8	16	Stem	Multiple shoots formation after 16 days	NR	20.0±1.7^a	NR
		Root	Yellow callus formation after 40 days	40.0±1.7^a	NR	NR
		Leaf	No response	NR	NR	NR
12	12	Stem	Green callus formation after 45 days; Shoots formation after 50 days	40.0±1.7^a	40.0±2.3^bc	NR
		Root	Green callus formation after 25 days	86.7±1.2^c	NR	NR
		Leaf	No response	NR	NR	NR
16	8	Stem	Green callus formation after 25 days; Shoots formation after 50 days	33.3±2.3^a	46.7±5.2^c	NR
		Root	Yellow callus formation after 30 days	46.7±3.5^a	NR	NR
		Leaf	No response	NR	NR	NR
24	0	Stem	Multiple shoots formation after 14 days	NR	33.3±1.7^b	NR
		Root	Green yellow formation after 30 days	60.0±2.3^b	NR	NR
		Leaf	No response	NR	NR	NR

Mean ± SE, 𝑛=30. Mean values with different letters (subject to different explant type) in the same column are significantly different at 𝑃<0.05 (NR: no response).