Perinatal Stress, Fatigue, Depressive Symptoms, and Immune Modulation in Late Pregnancy and One Month Postpartum

Table 1

Comparison of levels of cytokines and measured variables in late pregnancy and early postpartum.

	Prenatal			Postnatal			𝑡	𝑝	𝑟	𝑑
	Mean ± SD	Median	Range	Mean ± SD	Median	Range
IL-1𝛽	4.94±11.47	.33	.04–39.26	6.55±11.97	1.32	.15–34.00	1.29	.23	.15	.11
IL-5	1.38±1.54	.67	.10–5.40	1.67±1.05	1.55	.44–3.39	.77	.46	.56	.22
IL-7	10.10±7.28	8.10	1.74–28.30	8.87±3.64	9.23	4.02–16.75	−.67	.52	.48	.19
G-CSF	31.09±15.46	32.70	7.38–54.30	46.94±30.96	38.17	17.65–122.44	2.13	.06	.56	.62
MIP-1𝛽	154.03±90.45	141.23	38.74–350.50	186.53±127.43	161.19	67.01–440.04	1.00	.34	.51	.29
MCP	34.51±26.10	22.03	12.54–93.16	34.03±22.19	33.78	7.12–90.22	−.09	.93	.72	.03
Stress	18.88±3.98	18.00	14–26	17.08±5.68	17.00	9–26	−1.08	.31	.30	.31
Depressive symptoms	20.50±7.68	23.00	8–33	14.58±6.37	16.00	2–22	−2.96	.01	.08	.62
	𝑛		%	𝑁		%	Chi/Fisher		𝑃
Fatigue							.37		.46
Not a problem	3		25.0	2		16.7
Minor	6		50.0	10		83.3
Major	3		25.0	0		0
Depressed	8		66.7	6		50.0	.55		.27