Consequences of Physical Disturbance by Tadpoles and Snails on Chironomid Larvae
Table 1
The results of 3-way factorial ANOVA on the effects of non-predators on the tube numbers per quadrat ( cm2) when the non-predators were present as separately as individual species.
(a)
Source of variation
Sum of squares
df
Mean square
value
Microcosms (TRAY)
1089.6
6
181.60
9.26
0.001
Non-predator species (SP)
4198.9
2
2099.44
107.08
0.001
Density (DEN)
155.25
2
77.62
3.96
0.020
1097.5
12
91.46
4.66
0.001
808.31
12
67.36
3.44
0.001
697.02
4
174.25
8.89
0.001
852.26
24
35.51
1.81
0.010
Error
13587
693
19.61
Total
22486
755
(b) Multiple comparisons between non-predator species. The Tukey HSD with standard error 0.394; df = 251,2
() SP
() SP
Mean difference
Significance
B
T
5.631
0.001
B
TH
1.7143
0.001
T
TH
−3.917
0.001
(c) Multiple comparisons between density of non-predators. The Tukey HSD with standard error 0.394471; df = 251,2
() SP
() SP
Mean difference
Significance
2
4
−1.044
0.02
2
8
−0.194
0.87
4
8
0.8492
0.08
T: tadpoles; B: B. bengalensis; TH: T. tuberculata.
