A new dual-input differential input active integrator using a current differencing buffered amplifier (CDBA) is proposed. A multiplier element is appropriately used in the circuit whose control voltage (<svg style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt;width:18.1875px;" id="M1" height="15.4" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 18.1875 15.4" width="18.1875" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"><path id="x1D449" d="M730 650l-8 -28q-52 -4 -72 -18t-64 -77q-79 -113 -321 -539h-33l-119 541q-13 59 -29.5 73t-66.5 20l7 28h245l-8 -28l-28 -5q-33 -6 -40.5 -15.5t-0.5 -38.5l102 -450h2q191 320 246 430q21 42 15.5 56t-43.5 19l-31 4l7 28h240z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,12.675,15.187)"><path id="x1D450" d="M383 397q0 -32 -35 -49q-12 -6 -23 8q-37 45 -84 45t-90 -71q-40 -65 -40 -167q0 -57 22 -86t59 -29q38 0 81.5 24.5t69.5 51.5l16 -21q-44 -53 -104 -84t-109 -31q-56 0 -89.5 41t-33.5 117q0 61 30 124t79 105q33 28 81 50.5t86 22.5q34 0 59 -15.5t25 -35.5z" /></g></svg>) tunes the integrator time  constant (<svg style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:8.3374996px;" id="M2" height="8.125" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 8.3374996 8.125" width="8.3374996" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.863)"><path id="x1D70F" d="M471 456q-22 -60 -37 -85q-20 -3 -84 -3q-9 0 -29 2t-29 2q-38 -145 -54 -234q-15 -80 14 -80q23 0 68 38l14 -25q-78 -83 -137 -83q-50 0 -50 64q0 25 7 57l67 266q-57 4 -98 -9t-80 -49l-20 21q14 18 27 31t36.5 30t56.5 26t73 9q26 0 82.5 -2t89.5 -2q21 0 32 5t24 24&#xA;z" /></g></svg>) electronically. The design of  a voltage controlled quadrature oscillator (VCQO) based on the proposed integrator had been satisfactorily implemented. A new type of measurement for the tuning error of the oscillator based on the Nyquist plot is presented that shows an error of  only 2% at <svg style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt;width:38.412498px;" id="M3" height="16.6625" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 38.412498 16.6625" width="38.412498" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.162)"><path id="x1D453" d="M619 670q0 -13 -9 -26t-18 -19q-13 -10 -25 2q-36 38 -66 38q-31 0 -54.5 -50t-45.5 -185h120l-20 -31l-107 -12q-23 -138 -57 -293q-27 -122 -55 -184.5t-75 -109.5q-60 -61 -114 -61q-25 0 -47.5 15t-22.5 31q0 17 31 44q11 8 20 -1q10 -11 31 -19t35 -8q26 0 47 19&#xA;q34 34 71 253l54 315h-90l-3 12l31 30h70q28 138 90 204q35 37 75 57.5t70 20.5q26 0 45 -14t19 -28z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,10.976,12.162)"><path id="x1D45C" d="M445 282q0 -64 -27.5 -125t-80.5 -104q-80 -65 -168 -65q-73 0 -109.5 46.5t-36.5 116.5q0 92 46.5 163t119.5 104q66 30 108 30q67 0 107.5 -43.5t40.5 -122.5zM355 280q0 62 -26.5 94.5t-64.5 32.5q-26 0 -44 -8q-39 -18 -74 -82t-35 -163q0 -57 25.5 -90.5t70.5 -33.5&#xA;q22 0 36 6q46 20 79 89t33 155z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,23.64,12.162)"><path id="x2248" d="M537 353q-54 -70 -120 -70q-47 0 -137 43q-78 38 -108 38q-55 0 -91 -57l-31 33q51 74 122 74q45 0 137 -44q76 -37 108 -37q55 0 91 57zM537 168q-54 -70 -120 -70q-47 0 -137 43q-78 38 -108 38q-55 0 -91 -57l-31 33q51 74 122 74q45 0 137 -44q76 -37 108 -37&#xA;q55 0 91 57z" /></g></svg> 1?MHz with Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) less than 3%.

R. Nandi

Mousiki Kar

Sagarika Das

Electronically Tunable Dual-Input Integrator Employing a Single CDBA and a Multiplier: Voltage Controlled Quadrature Oscillator Design

This paper describes a current-mode third-order quadrature oscillator based on current differencing transconductance amplifiers (CDTAs). Outputs of two current-mode sinusoids with <svg style="vertical-align:-0.20474pt;width:21.475px;" id="M1" height="13.1875" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 21.475 13.1875" width="21.475" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.875)"><path id="x39" d="M244 635q90 0 143 -72t53 -177q0 -133 -65 -229.5t-171 -139.5q-79 -32 -140 -32l-5 30q109 18 185 91t101 186l-68 -36q-29 -16 -60 -16q-79 0 -129 51.5t-50 130.5q0 80 57 146.5t149 66.5zM228 602q-52 0 -78 -45.5t-26 -98.5q0 -69 36.5 -115.5t97.5 -46.5&#xA;q53 0 90 28q4 31 4 66q0 51 -9.5 95.5t-39 80.5t-75.5 36z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.222,12.875)"><path id="x30" d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105&#xA;q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,16.375,4.712)"><path id="x2218" d="M326 255q0 -56 -41 -96t-99 -40t-99 40t-41 96t41 96t99 40t99 -40t41 -96zM274 255q0 38 -25.5 65t-62.5 27t-62.5 -27t-25.5 -65t25.5 -65t62.5 -27t62.5 27t25.5 65z" /></g></svg> phase difference are available in the quadrature oscillator circuit. The oscillation condition and oscillation frequency are orthogonal controllable. The proposed circuit employs only grounded capacitors and is ideal for integration. Simulation results are included to confirm the theoretical analysis.

Jiun-Wei Horng

Current-Mode Third-Order Quadrature Oscillator Using CDTAs

Poly(aniline-co-o-toluidine) (PANI-co-POT) thin films were deposited on indium tin oxide- (ITO-) coated glass substrates by electrochemical polymerization under cyclic voltammetric conditions from aniline-co-o-toluidine monomer in an aqueous solution of HCl as a supporting electrolyte. These measurements showed that the optical band gap of the copolymer films is on the order of 2.65 eV. On the other hand, ITO/PANI-co-POT/Al devices were fabricated by thermal evaporation of Aluminum circular electrodes on the as-deposited PANI-co-POT films. The Current-Voltage characteristics of these devices are nonlinear. The diode parameters were calculated from I-V characteristics using the modified Shockley equation. The C-F characteristics were also measured.

A. Elmansouri

N. Hadik

A. Outzourhit

A. Lachkar

A. Abouelaoualim

M. E. Achour

A. Oueriagli

E. L. Ameziane

Schottky Diodes and Thin Films Based on Copolymer: Poly(aniline-co-toluidine)

Composite  materials were made by mixing powders of <svg     style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt;width:91.637497px;" id="M1" height="15.825" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 91.637497 15.825" width="91.637497"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
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</svg> (<svg     style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:49.237499px;" id="M2" height="11.125" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 49.237499 11.125" width="49.237499"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
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</svg> and 0.4) ceramics and epoxy resin with various volume fractions (vol&#x25;). Dielectric measurements of these composites were performed as a function of filler ratio in the range 100&#x2013;<svg     style="vertical-align:-0.16379pt;width:29.637501px;" id="M3" height="13.1375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 29.637501 13.1375" width="29.637501"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
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			<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,24.538,4.712)"><path id="x2218" d="M326 255q0 -56 -41 -96t-99 -40t-99 40t-41 96t41 96t99 40t99 -40t41 -96zM274 255q0 38 -25.5 65t-62.5 27t-62.5 -27t-25.5 -65t25.5 -65t62.5 -27t62.5 27t25.5 65z" /></g>

		
	
</svg>K at 10&#x2009;KHz. The dielectric constant of the composite  increased with increasing volume fraction  varies slightly with temperature. The 20 vol&#x25; of BST(0.4)-epoxy composite had the highest dielectric constant of 19.4 and dielectric loss tangent of 0.027. Among the dielectric mixing models presented, the model of Lichtenecker shows the best fit to the experimental data for both composites.

Dielectric Behavior of Ceramic (BST)/Epoxy Thick Films

A model description for the representation of one-dimensional piecewise-linear characteristics is
presented. The model can be denoted as a decomposed one, because the independent and dependent variables of
the PWL characteristic are treated separately. It is also called iterative, because the particular representation of
each segment of the PWL characteristic depends on the value of only one parameter included in the mathematical
formulation, it gives the possibility of modeling both, univalued and multivalued PWL characteristics.

Victor Jimenez-Fernandez

Luis Hernandez-Martinez

Arturo Sarmiento-Reyes

An Iterative Decomposed Piecewise-Linear Model Description

A new low-cost electronic control circuit actuator is proposed for minimizing the bouncing times of an AC permanent magnet (PM) contactor after two contacts closing. The proposed new actuator overcomes the bouncing problem of an uncontrollable restrictions imposed by previously conventional AC electromagnetic (EM) contactor based on the minimization of kinetic energy prior to two contacts impact. By choosing the closing phase angle of coil voltage on purpose, the bouncing problems of the movable contact during the closing process are then overcome. The using life of contacts is then prolonged and their operating reliability is improved as well. In order to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method here, several simulation and experimental procedures were performed on a prototype of AC PM contactor in the laboratory. Testing results actually showed that bouncing problem of contactor's contacts during the closing process was to be controlled by using the proposed technology.

Chieh-Tsung Chi

Applying Closing Phase-Angle Control Technique in Bounce Reduction of AC Permanent Magnet Contactor

This comment is related to the recently published article
&#x0201C;Active and Passive Electronic Components&#x0201D; by S. Maheshwari
(2007), which presents single current differencing buffered
amplifier (CDBA) and current-controlled current differencing
buffered amplifier- (CC-CDBA-) based first-order voltage-mode
(VM) all-pass filtering (APF) sections. The paper is reviewed,
and additional first-order APF realizations have been proposed.

Abhirup Lahiri

Comment on &#8220;Voltage-Mode All-Pass Filters Including Minimum Component Count Circuits&#8221;

A new voltage-mode quadrature oscillator using two differential difference current conveyors (DDCCs), two grounded capacitors, and three grounded resistors is presented. The proposed oscillator provides the following advantages: the oscillation condition and oscillation frequency are orthogonally controlled; the oscillation 
               frequency is controlled through a single grounded resistor; the use of only grounded capacitors and resistors makes the proposed circuit ideal for IC implementation; low passive and active sensitivities. Simulation results verifying the theoretical analysis are also included.

Montree Kumngern

Kobchai Dejhan

DDCC-Based Quadrature Oscillator with Grounded Capacitors and Resistors

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Active and Passive Electronic Components | Hindawi

title

Active and Passive Electronic Components provides a forum for the science and technology of all types of electronic components, and publishes experimental and theoretical papers on topics such as transistors, hybrid circuits and sensors.

Active and Passive Electronic Components