Foam Concrete: A State-of-the-Art and State-of-the-Practice Review

Table 2

Review of filler, foaming agent, and additive used in FC, and the resulting density ranges and drying shrinkage.

Filler	Foaming agent	ratio	Additive	Density (kg/m^3)	Drying shrinkage (%)	Reference
Blast-furnace slag + limestone fine	Fatty alcohol-based liquid	0.29	Magnesium expansive agent + calcium sulfoaluminate	1611–1638	0.05–0.32 28 d	[89]
Polymer fiber	Foamin C^@	0.3	Viscosity enhancing agent	380–830	0.1–0.49	[92]
N/A	Animal based + synthetic + plant based surfactants	0.5	N/A	600	0.25–0.3 90 d	[44]
Crushed sand + FA	Hydrogen peroxide	0.3	Na2SiO3 + NaOH	1889–2106	0.09–0.1 180 d	[93]
FA + natural sand	Protein foaming agent	0.71–2.22	N/A	1000–1400	0.09–0.2 365 d	[94]
N/A	Synthetic polymeric latex	0.45–0.6	N/A	260–800	0.18–0.31	[95]
N/A	Synthetic based	0.52–0.75	N/A	300–800	0.26–0.35 90 d	[96]
Sand	Hydrolyzed protein	0.5	N/A	900–1100	0.7–0.72 28 d	[97]
Quartz sand	PB-2000	N/A	Microreinforcing additive	N/A	0.15–0.3	[98]
FA	Organic based	0.3–0.5	Na2SO4 + Triethanolamine	400–800	0.09–0.18 28 d	[99]

N/A, not available; FA, fly ash.