Strengthening of Steel Columns under Load: Torsional-Flexural Buckling

<div class="floats-full-page floats-full-page-figure"><h2>Figure 9</h2><div class="floats-full-page-caption"><div>Residual stresses in the longitudinal direction <svg height="9.4347pt" id="M27" style="vertical-align:-3.29111pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -6.14359 12.5804 9.4347" width="12.5804pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M548 455L523 469C505 448 490 439 461 439C416 439 374 447 316 447C144 447 23 310 23 161C23 47 89 -12 179 -12C312 -12 429 106 429 244C429 303 419 344 368 386L371 388C404 383 440 378 474 378C507 378 530 411 548 455ZM350 274C350 191 308 25 198 25C144 25 108 75 108 157C108 264 170 395 276 395C296 395 320 384 333 360C347 334 350 316 350 274Z" id="g113-240"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="565" vert-adv-y="565"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.76,3.132)"><path d="M545 403C545 425 527 451 498 451C448 451 400 404 312 286L290 341C262 412 246 451 219 451C182 451 138 404 92 345L112 323C152 368 169 378 181 378C192 378 201 359 216 321L257 214C184 115 142 69 113 69C102 69 93 73 88 79S78 89 68 89C47 89 24 61 24 40C24 8 49 -12 75 -12C125 -12 175 31 271 175L312 64C330 15 357 -12 382 -12C421 -12 475 35 515 98L496 121C466 88 439 62 420 62C402 62 384 92 363 147L325 247C349 280 374 309 397 333C422 361 446 381 462 381C471 381 481 374 488 366C493 360 499 357 505 357C521 357 545 380 545 403Z" id="g50-121"></path><glyph.data ascent="3443" descent="-2856" horiz-adv-x="569" vert-adv-y="569"></glyph.data></g></svg> [MPa] caused by welding at midheight.</div></div><div class="floats-full-page-content"><table class="figure-group"><tr class="fig-image"><td><object data="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/amse/volume-2016/2765821/figures/2765821.fig.009.svgz" name="2765821.fig.009" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr></table></div></div>

Figure 9 | Strengthening of Steel Columns under Load: Torsional-Flexural Buckling

title

Figure 9: Strengthening of Steel Columns under Load: Torsional-Flexural Buckling

description

Figure 9

About this journal

<p><em>Advances in Materials Science and Engineering </em>publishes research in all areas of materials science and engineering, including the synthesis and properties of materials, and their applications in engineering applications.</p>


Journal profile

Meet the editorial board

<p>Chief Editor, Amit Bandyopadhyay, is based at Washington State University and is interested in &nbsp;the fields of additive manufacturing or 3D printing of advanced materials. His current research is focused on metal additive manufacturing, biomedical devices and multi‑materials structures.</p>


Editor spotlight

Submit to Special Issue

We currently have a number of Special Issues open for submission. Special Issues highlight emerging areas of research within a field, or provide a venue for a deeper investigation into an existing research area.