Research Article
Effect of Chlorides on Conductivity and Dielectric Constant in Hardened Cement Mortar: NDT for Durability Evaluation
Table 1
Influencing parameters for EM properties.
| Type | Parameters | Characteristics of EM properties |
| Interior condition | Water amount | (i) Strongly affect dielectric constant and conductivity (ii) Increase with larger amount of water | Porosity | (i) Decrease with larger porosity | Chloride ion | (i) Greatly increase with larger amount of chloride in water |
| Exterior condition | Temperature | (i) Increase with higher temperature (<10–12 GHz) | Humidity | (i) Increase with higher humidity |
| Measurement condition | Frequency | (i) Dielectric constant: decrease with higher frequency (ii) Conductivity: increase with higher frequency | Measuring surface | (i) Increase with larger contact surface |
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