Influences by Air Voids on the Low-Temperature Cracking Property of Dense-Graded Asphalt Concrete Based on Micromechanical Modeling

Figure 5

Illustration of different stages during virtual test: (a) initial loading; (b) maximum loading; (c) initiation of cracking; (d) extension of cracking; (e) penetration of cracking.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)