Predicting Pumpability and Shootability of Crushed Aggregate Wet-Mix Shotcrete Based on Rheological Properties

Table 1

Mixture proportions of WMS.

Admixture	Replacement^1 (%)	Weight per unit volume (kg/m^3)
		SF	FA	GGBFS	MK	C	W	F/A	C/A
SF	0	0	—	—	—	440	180	1159	480
	5	22	—	—	—	418	180	1153	478
	9.1	40	—	—	—	400	180	1149	476
	15	66	—	—	—	374	180	1142	473
FA	0	40	0	—	—	400	180	1149	476
	10	40	44	—	—	356	180	1137	471
	20	40	88	—	—	312	180	1125	466
	30	40	132	—	—	268	180	1113	461
GGBFS	0	40	—	0	—	400	180	1149	476
	10	40	—	44	—	356	180	1146	475
	20	40	—	88	—	312	180	1144	474
	30	40	—	132	—	268	180	1142	473
	40	40	—	176	—	224	180	1140	472
MK	0	40	—	—	0	400	180	1149	476
	5	40	—	—	22	378	180	1146	475
	10	40	—	—	44	356	180	1144	474
	15	40	—	—	66	334	180	1141	473
Steel fiber	0^2	40	—	—	—	400	180	1149	476
	30^2	40	—	—	—	400	180	1149	476
	40^2	40	—	—	—	400	180	1149	476
	50^2	40	—	—	—	400	180	1149	476
	60^2	40	—	—	—	400	180	1149	476

Notes. SF = silica fume; FA = fly ash; GGBFS = ground granulated blast furnace slag; MK = metakaolin; C = cement; W = water; F/A = fine aggregate; and C/A = coarse aggregate.
% by weight of total cementitious material content.
A given weight per unit volume (kg/m³) of steel fibers was added to mixtures.