Research Article
Driving Comfort Evaluation for Manhole Covers and Pavement around Manholes
Table 3
Influencing factors and evaluation of driving comfort.
| | Influencing factors | (m/s2) | Driving comfort degree |
| | Driving speed (km/h) | 10 | 0.533 | A little uncomfortable | | 20 | 0.663 | A little uncomfortable | | 30 | 0.849 | Uncomfortable | | 40 | 1.063 | Uncomfortable | | 50 | 1.291 | Quite uncomfortable | | 60 | 1.526 | Quite uncomfortable | | 70 | 1.766 | Quite uncomfortable | | 80 | 2.009 | Extremely uncomfortable |
| | Longitudinal slope value (%) | 1 | 0.525 | A little uncomfortable | | 2 | 0.631 | A little uncomfortable | | 3 | 0.790 | A little uncomfortable | | 4 | 0.975 | Uncomfortable | | 5 | 1.176 | Uncomfortable | | 6 | 1.384 | Quite uncomfortable | | 7 | 1.598 | Quite uncomfortable | | 8 | 1.814 | Quite uncomfortable |
| | Tire damping coefficient (104 N·s/m) | 0.1 | 1.106 | Uncomfortable | | 0.5 | 0.975 | Uncomfortable | | 1 | 0.851 | Uncomfortable | | 2 | 0.692 | A little uncomfortable | | 8 | 0.545 | A little uncomfortable | | 20 | 0.638 | A little uncomfortable | | 40 | 0.754 | A little uncomfortable | | 100 | 0.911 | Uncomfortable |
| | Manhole cover stiffness coefficient (N/m) | 102 | 1.423 | Quite uncomfortable | | 103 | 1.420 | Quite uncomfortable | | 104 | 1.395 | Quite uncomfortable | | 105 | 1.220 | Uncomfortable | | 106 | 0.977 | Uncomfortable | | 107 | 0.975 | Uncomfortable | | 108 | 0.979 | Uncomfortable | | 109 | 0.979 | Uncomfortable |
| | Height difference caused by damage to pavement around manhole (cm) | 0.5 | 0.901 | Uncomfortable | | 1 | 0.975 | Uncomfortable | | 2 | 1.184 | Uncomfortable | | 3 | 1.443 | Quite uncomfortable | | 4 | 1.730 | Quite uncomfortable | | 5 | 2.033 | Extremely uncomfortable | | 6 | 2.346 | Extremely uncomfortable | | 8 | 2.989 | Extremely uncomfortable |
| | Subsidence of manhole (cm) | 0.5 | 0.968 | Uncomfortable | | 1 | 0.975 | Uncomfortable | | 2 | 1.019 | Uncomfortable | | 3 | 1.095 | Uncomfortable | | 4 | 1.198 | Uncomfortable | | 6 | 1.461 | Quite uncomfortable | | 8 | 1.769 | Quite uncomfortable | | 10 | 2.104 | Extremely uncomfortable |
| | Tire stiffness coefficient (105 N/m) | 1 | 0.405 | Slightly uncomfortable | | 2 | 0.623 | A little uncomfortable | | 4 | 0.871 | Uncomfortable | | 8 | 1.227 | Uncomfortable | | 16 | 1.650 | Quite uncomfortable | | 32 | 1.780 | Quite uncomfortable | | 64 | 1.706 | Quite uncomfortable | | 128 | 1.622 | Quite uncomfortable |
| | Considering Vibration of manhole cover or not | Yes | 0.975 | Uncomfortable | | No | 0.830 | Uncomfortable |
| | Diving direction | Uphill | 1.099 | Uncomfortable | | Downhill | 0.975 | Uncomfortable |
|
|
