Study on the Formation Law of the Freezing Temperature Field of Freezing Shaft Sinking under the Action of Large-Flow-Rate Groundwater

Figure 16

The variation of freezing temperature field of single-row pipes with time under the action of groundwater with a flow rate of (a) 5 m/d; (b) 7 m/d; (c) 9 m/d; (d) 10 m/d; (e) 11 m/d.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)