Study on the Formation Law of the Freezing Temperature Field of Freezing Shaft Sinking under the Action of Large-Flow-Rate Groundwater

Figure 23

The variation of freezing temperature field of double-row pipes with time under the action of groundwater with a flow rate of (a) 10 m/d, (b) 14 m/d, (c) 16 m/d, (d) 18 m/d, and (e) 20 m/d.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)