Research Article

Simultaneous Determination of Zn(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II) Using Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry at a Bismuth Film-Modified Electrode

Table 3

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for BBD.

TermsCoefficient Ipa,Cu valueCoefficient Ipa,Pb valueCoefficient Ipa,Cd valueCoefficient Ipa,Zn value

Constant3.33≤0.0013.34≤0.0012.03≤0.0011.53≤0.001
x1–0.27≤0.001–0.25≤0.001–0.16≤0.001–0.14≤0.001
x20.13≤0.0010.15≤0.0010.08≤0.0010.07≤0.001
x30.26≤0.0010.25≤0.0010.17≤0.0010.15≤0.001
x40.13≤0.0010.11≤0.0010.09≤0.0010.06≤0.001
–0.53≤0.001–0.51≤0.001–0.33≤0.001–0.30≤0.001
–0.41≤0.001–0.42≤0.001–0.24≤0.001–0.24≤0.001
–0.26≤0.001–0.24≤0.001–0.16≤0.001–0.15≤0.001
–0.40≤0.001–0.40≤0.001–0.26≤0.001–0.22≤0.001
x1·x20.010.5560.5560.313–0.030.0050.03≤0.001
x1·x3–0.020.2700.2700.056–0.020.0320.010.129
x1·x40.000.8570.8570.3470.000.6340.020.001
x2·x30.010.3350.3350.055–0.030.005–0.010.026
x2·x40.010.3810.3810.063–0.030.017–0.020.002
x3·x40.000.9000.9000.1310.05≤0.0010.02≤0.001
Lack-of-fit0.6540.5410.0860.132
Regression≤0.001≤0.001≤0.001≤0.001