Force and Deformation Characteristics during the Reconstruction and Expansion of Shallow Single-Tube Tunnels into Large-Span Multiarch Tunnels

<div>Axial force of initial support of tunnel: (a) right tunnel; (b) left tunnel.</div>

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Figure 18

Figure 18: Force and Deformation Characteristics during the Reconstruction and Expansion of Shallow Single-Tube Tunnels into Large-Span Multiarch Tunnels 

Figure 18 | Force and Deformation Characteristics during the Reconstruction and Expansion of Shallow Single-Tube Tunnels into Large-Span Multiarch Tunnels 