Research Article
Force and Deformation Characteristics during the Reconstruction and Expansion of Shallow Single-Tube Tunnels into Large-Span Multiarch Tunnels
Table 1
Mechanical indicators of similar materials of the surrounding rock.
| Parameter | Specific weight γ (kN/m3) | Elastic modulus E (GPa) | Cohesion C (kPa) | Poisson’s ratio μ | Internal friction angle φ (°) | Uniaxial compressive strength σc (MPa) |
| Prototype | 25–27 | 20–33 | 1500–2100 | 0.2–0.25 | 50–60 | 57.33–76.95 | Model | 25–27 | 0.33–0.55 | 25–35 | 0.2–0.25 | 50–60 | 0.95–1.28 | Material | 22.28 | 0.524 | 27.16 | 0.19–0.22 | 58.38 | 1.104 |
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