A Coupling Electromechanical Inhomogeneous Cell-Based Smoothed Finite Element Method for Dynamic Analysis of Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Beams

Figure 6

Variations of the displacement u₃ and electrical potential φ at the loading point with time when the gradient parameter was n = −1, 0, 1, and 5. (a) Displacement (n = −1). (b) Electrical potential (n = −1). (c) Displacement (n = 0). (d) Electrical potential (n = 0). (e) Displacement (n = 1). (f) Electrical potential (n = 1). (g) Displacement (n = 5). (h) Electrical potential (n = 5).

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