Increasing the Durability and Freeze-Thaw Strength of Concrete Paving Stones Produced from Ahlat Stone Powder and Marble Powder by Special Curing Method

Table 1

Chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of binders.

Properties	Cement	Silica fume
SiO2 (%)	19.28	95.83
Fe2O3 (%)	2.99	0.37
Al2O3 (%)	5.09	0.76
Na2O (%)	0.18	—
CaO (%)	63.14	0.53
Cl (%)	0.01	—
MgO (%)	1.96	1.29
SO3 (%)	2.81	0.63
K2O (%)	0.71	—
Ignition loss (%)	3.22	0.59
Compressive strength (28 days) (MPa)	52.20	—
Initial set (min)	153	—
Final set (min)	206	—
Specific gravity (g/cm^3)	3.13	2.3
Specific surface (cm^2/g)	3067	>150000