Review Article
Carbon Nanostructure-based Sensors: A Brief Review on Recent Advances
Table 2
Comparison between some of the molecules and chemical elements sensor systems described in this review and different systems found in the literature.
| | Sensor compound or device | Sensitivity/linear range/LOD | Great response for | Other reported systems | Responses from other systems |
| | GPN onto polyimide subst. [84] | 21.69 ppm (river water, first run) | NO3-N | Laboratory-standard method UV-spectrometry [84] | 21.5 ppm (river water) |
| | rGO/Betec [37] | 1.1 µg/L | NO3-N | Phenoldisulfonic acid method and ultraviolet spectroscopy (photoabsorption at 220 nm) [37] | 0.02–2 µg/L and 0.08–4 µg/L |
| | Electrode with functionalized CNT [86] | 5 × 10−8 M in pH range 3.0 to 9.0 | Cr(III) | Chromium carbon paste electrode sensor [96]; aurin tricarboxylic acid modified silica [97] | 0.16 µM to 1.0 µM |
| | Boron-doped NDs [87] | 0.12 µM to 0.43 µM | HQ; 1,2-dihydroxybenzene | Graphene-polyoxometalate [98]; GCE modified with aspartic acid [99] | 0.05 µM to 7.33 µM |
| | GPN film [38] | 0.5 to 5.0 µg/L | Cd2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+ | Screen printed CNT [100]; cyano groups modified polymer [101] | 0.7 µg/L to 165 µg/L |
| | GPN QD/Au nanoparticles [91] | 16.7 nM (detection range 50 nm to 4 mM) | Pb2+ | Organic dye [102]; semiconductor quantum dots; GPN-QD/GO | 0.09 nM–0.6 nM (detection range 0.1 to 435.0 nM) |
| | GPN/Nafion [39] | 0.021 µmol.L−1 (LOD) | Caffeine | Chemical reduction of GO/CNTs [103]; electrochemical reduction of GO/HDA [104] | 0.02 µmol·L−1–0.43 µmol·L−1 (LOD) |
|
|
LOD = limit of detection. |
