Recent Advances in Characterization Techniques for the Interface in Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites

Figure 1

Evolution of the characteristic length scale of reinforcement from millimeters to nanometers: (from upper left to lower right corner) from woven fabric of yarn bundles, to an individual carbon fiber with multiwalled carbon nanotubes grown and entangled on its surface, to such a carbon nanotube (adapted with permission from references [17, 18]; copyright 2005, Elsevier Ltd. and copyright 2002, AIP Publishing LLC).