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Material | Application | Methodology | Purpose | Year | Reference |
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Hybrid graphene on Ni foam | Electrode of supercapacitors | Dual Beam Strata 235 (FEI) and Auriga Compact (Zeiss) microscope | To analyze the morphologies and structural features of the composites | 2019 | [31] |
Nanoporous gold-nitrogen-doped carbon nano-onions | Electrode of micro-supercapacitor | FIB-FEG-SEM of Carl Zeiss Auriga Compact-4558 | To determine the thickness of the different layers present in the electrode | 2019 | [32] |
Graphite fluoride-lithium | Lithium battery | FIB-SEM, Scios, FEI | To confirm the fine structure of GF-LiF-Li composite | 2019 | [33] |
Carbon nanofiber | Supercapacitor | Auriga Cross Beam, Zeiss Software: Avizo 9.0.0 | To examine fiber subsurface microstructure | 2018 | [34] |
Coal | Fuel | FEI Helios Nanolab 650 FIB-SEM system | To quantitative evaluate the 3D characterization of pore-fracture networks of coals | 2017 | [35] |
Conductive carbon black/carbon fiber coating | 2,6-Naph(COOLi)2 electrodes | FIB: 50 nA current and 7 kV acceleration voltage SEM: operating at 2 kW. | To investigate the nanocarbon coating and the uniformness of pore structures | 2016 | [36] |
Nanoporous carbon-binder | Li-ion batteries | Zeiss Auriga 60 dual beam: 20 pA current, 30 kV acceleration voltage, and 9 nm cutting distance SEM: 5 kV, pixel size of 3 nm | To reconstruct the carbon-binder domain of a LiCoO2 battery cathode | 2015 | [37] |
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in polymer composites | Nanotechnology | FEI Helios Nanolab 600 FIB-SEM system | To investigate the subsurface imaging of CNTs | 2015 | [38] |
Porous carbon-based electrode | Electrode | FIB: 80 pA current and 30 kV acceleration voltage SEM: 3 kV voltage The voxel size was 10 × 10 × 10 nm3 Software: IMOD, ImageJ, and AVIZO software | To analyze the morphologies and build topographic reconstruction of the porous carbon electrode | 2014 | [39] |
Deposition of porous iron oxide on activated carbon (AC) | Adsorbent | FIB: 10–1 nA current and 30 kV acceleration voltage SEM: 2–5 kV voltage | To understand the nature of iron oxide particles within the pores of AC | 2014 | [40] |
Hierarchical nanoporous carbon synthesized using a hard template method | Electrode | Dual-beam workstation FEI Helios Nanolab 600; a field emission gun SEM | To observe the open 3D porous structure of the carbon | 2013 | [41] |
Nanoporous carbon-supported noble metal catalyst layers | Fuel cells | FIB: 50 pA current and 30 kV acceleration voltage SEM: 2 kV voltage | To characterize porosity, connectivity, and pore-size and grain-size distribution | 2013 | [42] |
Disordered mesoporous carbon with tailored pore size | Fuel cells supercapacitors | FIB: 27 pA current and 30 kV acceleration voltage SEM: 86 pA current and 5 kV voltage The voxel size was 3.57 × 3.62 × 10 nm3 Software: Amira® 5.2 software and MAVI | To visualize and study nonordered pore morphology and quantitatively characterize their physical properties | 2013 | [30] |
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