Power Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing: Process Parameters, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties

Table 1

UAM process parameters used by several authors.

Build material	Force (N)	Speed (mm/s)	Amplitude (μm)	Substrate temperature (°C)	Refs.
Al2024	2500	46	24	120	[35]
Al3003 O/Al3003-H18	1400	42.3	19	149	[38]
Al3003-H18/Al1050-H14	1600	20	25	—	[20]
Al3003/Al3003-H18	1450–1900	28–40	10–19	24–149	[5]
Al3003-H18/Al3003-H14	600–1000	18–26	42–64	149	[14]
Al1100-O/CP Ti	3500	25.4	41.55	200°F	[39]
Al3003-H18/CP Ti	1750–2000	10.58–23.70	16–28	300°F	[40]
Al6061-H18	5000	85	35	75	[13]
Al3003-H18	5600	35.6	26	—	[41]
NiTi/Al6061	6000	84.6	32.76	22	[17]
NiTi SMA/Al3003-H18	138 kPa	≤34.5	8.4–14.3	—	[23]
Cu/Al3003-H18	6700	30	36	25	[36]
SiC/Al3003	1400–2000	25–42	10–20	66–177	[29]
Al6061-H18	5000	84.7	35	75	[15]
4130 steel	6000	21	30.87	204	[21]