Review Article
On the Recent Trends in Expansive Soil Stabilization Using Calcium-Based Stabilizer Materials (CSMs): A Comprehensive Review
Table 2
Mineralogical properties of basic clay minerals (kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite).
| | Clay mineral | Structure | Interlayer bond/intensity | Isomorphous substitution | Shrink-swell | CEC (meq/100 g) | LL (%) | K (m/s) |
| | Kaolinite (1 : 1 clay mineral) | | Hydrogen, strong | Low | Very low | 3–15 | 30–75 | 10−5–10−7 | | Illite (2 : 1 clay mineral) | | K-ion, moderate | Moderate | Low | 10–40 | 60–120 | 10−6–10−8 | | Montmorillonite (2 : 1 clay mineral) | Van der Waal, very weak | High | Very high | 29–150 | Up to 900 | 10−7–10−9 |
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