Interactive Buckling of Q420 Welded Circular Tubes under Axial Compression

<div>Global and local geometry imperfection. (a) Deformation of FE models introduced overall imperfection. (b) Deformation of FE models introduced local imperfection. (c) Deformation of FE models introduced overall and local imperfection.</div>

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

fig4

Figure 4

Figure 4: Interactive Buckling of Q420 Welded Circular Tubes under Axial Compression 