High-Temperature Performance of Asphalt Mixtures: Preliminary Analysis for the Standard Technical Index Based on Gray Relational Analysis Method

Table 6

Data preprocessing for GRA.

Parameters		Unmodified			Modified
		PEN20	PEN50	PEN90	SBS I-C	SBS I-D	TPS
Original sequence
DS (times/mm)		5415	1986	580	4603	8150	9965
Penetration (25°C) (0.1 mm)		23	54	91	74	57	69
Softening point (°C)		64.2	52.4	47.7	66	66.9	80.7
Viscosity (60°C) (Pa·s)		3315	394	198	27360	49755	82459
(64°C) (OB)		15.11	5.09	1.09	3.20	4.40	4.63
(64°C) (OB)		18.94	5.75	1.21	5.95	9.4	10.30
(kPa^−1) (64°C)		0.2391	1.3976	3.43	0.3328	0.1369	0.0473
(kPa^−1) (64°C)		0.2009	1.0635	2.175	0.0389	0.0297	0.0046
(%) (64°C)		23.6	12.6	1.5	91.3	88.4	96.7
(%) (64°C)		32.3	25.7	20.8	94.3	97.3	99.6
ZSV-Sybilski (Pa·s)		1.71	1.56	2.08	5622.27	8845.34	17.46
ZSV-Williamson (Pa·s)		13483.1	8106.44	630.81	10841.6	16295.4	25233.5
ZSV-Carreau (Pa·s)		6694.85	3926.12	599.17	10718.5	16365.8	25453.8
(64°C) (RTFOT)		27.59	8.81	1.98	5.20	6.85	5.87
Normalized sequence
DS (times/mm)		1.06	0.39	0.11	0.90	1.59	1.95
Penetration (25°C) (0.1 mm)		0.38	0.88	1.48	1.21	0.93	1.13
Softening point (°C)		1.02	0.83	0.76	1.05	1.06	1.28
Viscosity (60°C) (Pa·s)		0.12	0.01	0.01	1.00	1.83	3.03
(64°C)		2.71	0.91	0.20	0.57	0.79	0.83
(64°C)		2.20	0.67	0.14	0.69	1.10	1.20
(kPa^−1) (64°C)		0.26	1.50	3.69	0.36	0.15	0.05
(kPa^−1) (64°C)		0.34	1.82	3.72	0.07	0.05	0.01
R3.2 (%) (64°C)		0.45	0.24	0.03	1.74	1.69	1.85
(%) (64°C)		0.52	0.42	0.34	1.53	1.58	1.62
ZSV-Sybilski (Pa·s)		0.00	0.00	0.00	2.33	3.66	0.01
ZSV-Williamson (Pa·s)		1.08	0.65	0.05	0.87	1.31	2.03
ZSV-Carreau (Pa·s)		0.63	0.37	0.06	1.01	1.54	2.40
(64°C) (RTFOT)		2.94	0.94	0.21	0.55	0.73	0.63