Research Article
Influence of Particle Orientation on the Performance of Geogrid Reinforced Ballast
| Category | Ballast | Geogrid |
| Particle density (kg/m3) | 2700 | 800 | Porosity | 0.45 | — | Contact normal stiffness (kN/m) | 0.52 × 105 | 1.77 × 104 | Contact normal stiffness (kN/m) | 0.52 × 105 | 0.88 × 104 | Coefficient of friction | 0.8 | 0.5 | Parallel bond normal stiffness, knp (kN/m3) | — | 5.68 × 108 | Parallel bond shear stiffness, ksp (kN/m3) | — | 5.68 × 108 | Parallel bond normal strength, snp (kN/m2) | — | 4.56 × 105 | Parallel bond shear strength, ssp (kN/m2) | — | 4.56 × 105 | Parallel bond radius multiplier | — | 0.5 |
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