Characterization of Portland Cement Incorporated with FNS

Table 1

Chemical and physical properties of FNS as a binder.

Oxides	References
	[3]	[6]	[15, 18]	[22]	[23]	[25]
SiO2	29.95–50.48	40.46–40.81	41.18	37.47	48.23	51.0
Al2O3	3.08–26.31	2.65–3.64	5.98	21.37	3.59	2.20
Fe2O3	1.55–14.36	6.87–9.07	40.02	1.72	15.76	15.5
MgO	8.93–32.61	40.44–43.43	7.79	10.53	23.01	27.4
SO3	0.04–1.31	0.26–0.53	0.64	0.32	0.50	0.1
CaO	1.01–25.19	3.61–6.60	4.12	24.82	6.28	0.6
Na2O	0.12–0.32	0.02–0.04	0.09	—	—	—
K2O	0.07–0.40	0.05–0.08	0.37	—	0.09	—
Cr2O3	1.37–2.47	0.73–0.95	2.75	—	—	—
NiO	0.02–0.19	0.02–0.05	0.13	—	—	—
LOI		—	−3.44	0.68	—	—
Physical characteristics
Fineness (cm^2/g)	3,910–4,610	4,660–26,300	3,985	—	3,400	4,666
Density (g/cm^3)	2.87–2.97	3.02–3.05	3.18	—	3.14	3.05
Source (type)	China (electric arc furnace, blast furnace)	South Korea (electric arc furnace)	Greece (electric arc furnace)	China (—)	South Korea (electric arc furnace)	South Korea (—)