Characterization of Portland Cement Incorporated with FNS

Table 3

Summary of results for the incorporation of FNS in Portland cement as a binder.

Experiment	References
	[3]	[6]	[15, 18]	[25]	[30]
Flow	—	—	↑	—	—
Water demand	—	—	↑	—	↑
Setting time	—	↑Initial (10–26%) ↑Final (3–26%)	↑Initial (3–21%) ↑Final (5–19%)	—	↑Initial (8–15%) ↑Final (5–21%)
Compressive strength	↓ (1.4–6.2%) or ↑ (0.8–4.9%)	↓(21%)	↓ (1–8%)	↓(14%) or ↑(100%)	↓(7–33%)
Flexural strength	—	Various	—	—	—
Splitting tensile strength	—	Various	—	—	—
Shear strength	—	Enhanced	—	—	—
Expansion	—	↓	↑(but moderate)	—	Moderate
Shrinkage	—	↓	—	—	—
Chloride resistance	Enhanced	Enhanced	—	—	—
Sulfate resistance	—	Various	—	—	—
Carbonation	—	↓	—	—	—