Damage and Degradation of Concrete under Coupling Action of Freeze-Thaw Cycle and Sulfate Attack

Table 1

Properties and chemical composition of ordinary Portland cement.

MgO (%)

Al2O3(%)

CaO (%)

Fe2O3(%)

SiO2

SO3(%)

Loss on ignition (%)

Cl^−1(%)

Surface area (m^2)

Fineness (%)

Setting time (min)

Flexural strength (MPa)

Compressive strength (MPa)

Initial setting time

Final setting time

3 d

28 d

3 d

28 d

1.06

5.13

64.37

5.25

21.66

2.03

1.19

≤0.06

300

3.8

≥45

≤180

4.5

7.0

18.0

36.0