Effects of Anodization-Assisted Electrodeposition Conditions on the Fabrication of CuO-Cu₂O Coatings on Nanoporous Stainless Steel

Figure 2

SEM images of stainless steel samples anodized under different HClO₄ solution concentrations: (a) 3 vol%, (b) 5 vol%, (c) 7 vol%, and (d) 9 vol%.