Modeling of Surface Drainage during the Service Life of Asphalt Pavements Showing Long-Term Rutting: A Modular Hydromechanical Approach

Figure 12

Example 5: effect of texture roughness (MTD) on the drainage of a pavement surface with ruts (rut depth and geometry after 30 years). Left: MTD  =  0.4 mm; right: MTD  =  0.9 mm.