Modeling of Surface Drainage during the Service Life of Asphalt Pavements Showing Long-Term Rutting: A Modular Hydromechanical Approach

Figure 6

Deformed surface of the test track (cross-sectional direction) plotted for a global time of 5 years, 10 years, 20 years, and 30 years (number of load cycles = about 7·10⁷ per year) [27].