The Influence of High-Temperature Nitrogen Plasma-Based Ion Implantation on Niobium Creep Behavior

Figure 5

Comparison of the surface morphologies of untreated niobium (a), with samples submitted to HT-NPBII at treatment times of 1 h (b), 4 h (c), and 8 h (d), evidencing the enlargement of the grain sizes.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)