Review Article

Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Local Tissue Damage Induced by Snake Venoms: An Overview from Traditional Use to Pharmacological Evidence

Table 6

List of medicinal plants with inhibitory potential against local effects induced by Lachesis snakes.

Plant namePart usedSnake venomInhibited activitiesReference(s)
In vitroIn vivo

Apocynaceae
Fernaldia pandurata (syn. Mandevilla velutina)RootL. mutaProteolytic, PLA2Hemorrhage[188]
Asteraceae
Eclipta prostrata (syn. Eclipta alba)#Aerial parts, rootL. mutaMyotoxicity, proteolytic, PLA2Hemorrhage, myotoxicity[130, 188]
Mikania glomerataRootL. mutaProteolytic, PLA2[188]
Erythroxylaceae
Erythroxylum ovalifoliumStemL. mutaProteolytic, PLA2Edema, hemorrhage[189]
Erythroxylum subsessileStemL. mutaProteolytic, PLA2Edema, hemorrhage[189]
Euphorbiaceae
Jatropha ellipticaRoot, stemL. mutaProteolytic, PLA2Hemorrhage[188]
Fabaceae
Pentaclethra BarkL. mutaHemorrhage[145]
Stryphnodendron adstringens (syn. Stryphnodendron barbatimam)RootL. mutaProteolytic, PLA2Hemorrhage[188]
Melastomataceae
Miconia albicansStemL. mutaProteolytic, PLA2Hemorrhage[188]
Miconia fallaxStemL. mutaProteolytic, PLA2Hemorrhage[188]
Miconia sellowianaNDL. mutaProteolytic, PLA2Hemorrhage[188]
Tibouchina stenocarpaRootL. mutaProteolytic, PLA2Hemorrhage[188]
Salicaceae
Casearia RootL. mutaProteolyticHemorrhage[188]
Sapotaceae
Manilkara subsericeaLeaf, stemL. mutaProteolytic, PLA2Edema, hemorrhage[100]

ND = information not described in the work; PLA2 = snake venom phospholipase A2. #Vegetal species with related folk use as antiophidic agents, as showed in Table 1. Studies where inhibitory activity was assessed only by preincubation of venom with extract (see Section 4.1 for details). Active in preincubation tests but inactive or only poorly active when extract was used independently of venom (pre-, co-, or posttreatment protocols). Active in preincubation tests and when used independently of venom (pre-, co-, or posttreatment protocols).