Moral Development and Citizenship Education in Vocational Schools
Table 1
Differences in objectives and reported learning outcomes.
Schools
Teachers ()
Students ()
Desired
Learning outcomes
Desired
Learning outcomes
SD
sig
SD
sig
SD
sig
SD
sig
Pedagogical objectives
Disciplining
1
4.32
.39
##
3.50
.63
3.90
.72
#
3.74
.78
2
4.21
.51
3.54
.87
4.07
.78
3.64
.78
3
4.39
.56
3.86
.78
4.00
.83
3.71
.84
Total
4.30
.46
##
3.58
.75
4.00
.83
#
3.70
.79
Social development
1
4.44
.30
##
3.49
.59
##
3.76
.79
* #
3.14
.82
#
2
4.44
.49
##
3.65
.85
4.07
.74
** #
3.35
.85
3
4.60
.28
##
3.74
.93
4.04
.68
#
3.41
.87
Total
4.47
.37
##
3.59
.75
##
3.92
.76
#
3.26
.84
#
Autonomy
1
4.07
.43
3.13
.65
#
3.85
.79
*
3.51
.91
##
2
4.33
.56
3.41
.74
4.14
.74
**
3.37
.84
3
4.44
.57
3.52
.99
4.05
.69
3.71
.81
Total
4.23
.52
##
3.30
.78
3.99
.76
#
3.50
.87
Sociopolitical domain
Social involvement
1
3.54
.63
2.82
.68
*
3.30
.86
*
2.80
.86
*
2
3.91
.60
3.11
.78
3.76
.82
**
3.18
.71
**
3
3.73
.58
3.43
.85
** ##
3.31
.99
*
2.74
.99
* #
Total
3.70
.62
3.04
.77
3.46
.90
2.93
.85
Political engagement
1
3.11
.56
*
2.29
.54
#
3.22
.84
*
2.84
.80
##
2
3.65
.75
**
2.64
.83
3.74
.84
**
2.98
.90
3
3.63
.80
**
2.68
.99
3.63
.95
**
3.08
.99
Total
3.39
.72
2.48
.79
#
3.48
.89
2.94
.87
##
Moral development
Exchange of points of view
1
2.99
.55
*
3.17
.72
*
2
2.69
.69
* #
3.45
.70
##
3
3.63
.74
**
3.65
.78
**
Total
3.11
.68
#
3.36
.75
##
Social-moral insight
1
2.99
.51
*
3.14
.81
*
2
3.04
.76
* #
3.42
.68
##
3
3.58
.82
**
3.62
.80
**
Total
3.13
.70
3.33
.78
Social-moral attitude
1
3.02
.51
3.31
.77
*
2
3.00
.75
#
3.48
.73
* ##
3
3.42
.85
3.89
.80
**
Total
3.09
.70
#
3.48
.78
##
Differences between the schools, marked with * and **, are statistically significant () (plotted vertically). Differences between teachers and students, marked with # and ##, are statistically significant () (plotted horizontally).
