How Finnish Muslim Students Perceive and Deal with Religious and
Cultural Difference: Negotiating Religious Tradition with Modern
Liberal and Postmodern Ideals
Table 2
Ways of perceiving and dealing with difference related to the negotiation of post-modern ideals.
Difference is an opportunity
Difference is a threat
An open and rewarding way of dealing with difference
Resistant ways of dealing with difference
(i) Difference is an opportunity for learning (ii) Difference is an opportunity for autonomy and self-expression
(i) Difference is a threat to one’s own religion (ii) Difference is a threat to others (iii) Difference is a threat to one’s religious identity
(i) Recognizing and pondering on difference (ii) Getting to know others (iii) Interacting with others
(i) No effort to deal with difference (ii) Negative treatment of those who are different