How Finnish Muslim Students Perceive and Deal with Religious and Cultural Difference: Negotiating Religious Tradition with Modern Liberal and Postmodern Ideals

Table 2

Ways of perceiving and dealing with difference related to the negotiation of post-modern ideals.

Difference is an opportunity	Difference is a threat	An open and rewarding way of dealing with difference	Resistant ways of dealing with difference
(i) Difference is an opportunity for learning; (ii) Difference is an opportunity for autonomy and self-expression	(i) Difference is a threat to one’s own religion; (ii) Difference is a threat to others; (iii) Difference is a threat to one’s religious identity	(i) Recognizing and pondering on difference; (ii) Getting to know others; (iii) Interacting with others	(i) No effort to deal with difference; (ii) Negative treatment of those who are different